Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for PARAGON (VHS, 1985) *ESCAPE FROM DEATH ROW* VCR FILM RE SEALED RENTAL MOVIE at the best online prices at eBay! Stalag Luft I was a German World War II prisoner-of-war (POW) camp near Barth, Western Pomerania, Germany, for captured Allied airmen. The ship later sailed to Colombo and served as a hospital ship in Burma. The Japanese were considered unprincipled in the conduct of war and there are many stories of survivors being killed, but there is another side to this story. Arrival at the RAF Base was timely as with enemy advances it was due to be evacuated with personnel and aircraft transferred to Java. 2 Michael Pethers mother (Kathleen) and her baby daughter were evacuated from Singapore on Christmas Eve 1941 and his grandmother escaped on 12 February 1942, all reaching the safety of home in New Zealand. All these had considerable armed forces at their disposal, so a move by the Japanese to gain control of their oil, rubber and minerals was a dramatic undertaking without guarantee of success. On the morning of 12 February naval personnel were told they would be embarking in half-a-dozen small ships later that evening. Padang was an important town serving the southwest coast of Sumatra, and the adjacent port was known as Emmahaven. Pether, Michael, Extensive research papers & web sites,Auckland, 2018. [128][i], On 14 February 1942, the Japanese renewed their assault on the western part of the Southern Area's defences near the area that the 1st Malayan Brigade had fought desperately to hold the previous day. The Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse soon after the Japanese landings on Malaya, the fall of Singapore and other defeats in 1942, severely undermined British prestige, which contributed to the end of British colonial rule in the region after the war. [41] The newly arrived 18th Infantry Division (Major-General Merton Beckwith-Smith)[42][43]was at full strength but lacked experience and training. HMAS Sydney II and the HSK Kormoran Shipwreck Sites, Admiralty House, Garden and Fortifications, Royal Australian Naval Transmitting Station ACT, 81st. [98] Throughout 10 February further fighting took place around along the Jurong Line, as orders were formulated to establish a secondary defensive line to the west of the Reformatory Road, with troops not then employed in the Jurong Line; misinterpretation of these orders resulted in Taylor, the commander of the 22nd Brigade, prematurely withdrawing his troops to the east, where they were joined by a 200-strong ad hoc battalion of Australian reinforcements, known as X Battalion. [87], Believing that further landings would occur in the northeast, Percival did not reinforce the 22nd Brigade until the morning of 9 February, sending two half-strength battalions from the 12th Indian Infantry Brigade. The June 2019 edition of this magazine contained an article The Naval Evacuation of Singapore February 1942 which lists MV Kembong amongst forty-five vessels that escaped. The "1942" appears to have been added to the title to avoid confusion with a book by the same name written by S.C. George in 1946. Army officials were instructed that passes should go to men of outstanding ability with the intention of integrating this nucleus with Javanese troops in Batavia. Please try again. It is expected that every unit will be brought into close contact with the enemy and fight it out. , Language Show all copies. [101] This order was passed on to Bennett, who allocated X Battalion. These explained the inadequacy of British forces to withstand a Japanese attack in the Far East and the Royal Navys inability to send a fleet in defence. [27][e], At Bakri, from 18 to 22 January, the Australian 2/19th and 2/29th battalions and the 45th Indian Brigade (Lieutenant Colonel Charles Anderson) repeatedly fought through Japanese positions before running out of ammunition near Parit Sulong. Robinson, Stephen, False Flags Disguised German Raiders of World War II, Exisle Publishing, Wollombi, NSW, 2016. [135] Little work had been done to build air raid shelters, and looting and desertion by Commonwealth troops further added to the chaos in the area. [94], Communication problems caused further cracks in the Commonwealth defence. The first embarkation was to be made as soon after dark as possible in order to allow all craft to clear Singapore and its approaches before daylight the following morning. In Haifa she was converted to a hospital ship and later served in the Burma campaign before being returned to her owners in 1945. They also bombed the other vessels which were set on fire and sank, suffering numerous casualties. His relations with senior British commanders and staff in Malaya were, at times, strained, as he grappled to maintain control of the Australian troops. Bennett, Lt General Henry, Gordon,Why Singapore Fell, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1944. Although the 25th Army was outnumbered by Commonwealth forces in Malaya and Singapore, they did not take the initiative with their forces while Japanese commanders concentrated theirs. [85][86] That evening, three Fairmile B motor launches attacked and sank several Japanese landing craft in the Johor Strait around its western channel on the evening of 9 February. Finally, on sighting a friendly vessel, they hoist an improvised distress signal, not realizing that the one they select is a warning of their intention to attack. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Many of them suffered severe hardships and brutality similar to that experienced by other prisoners held by Japan during the war. [38] Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival, commander of the garrison, had 85,000 soldiersthe equivalent, on paper at least, of just over four divisions. [160], The loss of Singapore, along with other defeats in Southeast Asia in 1942, reduced British prestige in the region. [73] The next recorded raid on the city occurred on the night of 29/30 December, and nightly raids ensued for over a week, accompanied by daylight raids from 12 January 1942. [50][51] Although his military advisors judged that Istana Bukit Serene was an easy target, Yamashita was confident that the British Army would not attack the palace because it belonged to the Sultan of Johor. Michael Pether (Pether 2018) has identified another twenty or so small craft which attempted the treacherous crossing. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. Thousands of others were transported by sea to other parts of Asia, including Japan, to be used as forced labour on projects such as the SiamBurma Death Railway and Sandakan airfield in North Borneo. This proved disastrous as by dreadful coincidence the Japanese invasion fleet heading for the Banka Strait converged with the approaching fleet of small ships departing Singapore. How came 100,000 men (half of them of our own race) to hold up their hands to inferior numbers of Japanese? [127] The civilian authorities began to fear that the water supply would give out; Percival was advised that large amounts of water were being lost due to damaged pipes and that the water supply was on the verge of collapse. For the first time this momentous 20th century battle, and its equally dramatic aftermath, will be told from a multi . The escape from Singapore Creator Gough, Richard, 1956-Subject Great Britain. The Ban Ho Guanalso made Padang and was later bound for Fremantle. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Escape from Singapore, 1942;: The story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters at Amazon.com. Japanese troops were closing in on the British island of Singapore and it was only a matter of hours, if not days, before the embattled island would be forced to surrender. Since then further interesting information has come to light. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations. The three set off in a motor car bearing a Union Jack and a white flag of truce toward the enemy lines to discuss a cessation of hostilities. Over the course of an hour, intense fighting took place on the right flank of the 2/19th Battalion, until its positions were overrun, the Japanese then advanced inland concealed by the darkness and the vegetation. Michael Pether (Pether 2018), whose parents were in Singapore2, also describes the scene: On the evening of 13 February 1942 as the Japanese Army tightened its encirclement of the central area of the city of Singapore the Allied troops and civilians endured constant bombing and artillery shelling the city was in flames; thousands of dead bodies littered the streets and much of the city lay in ruins. According to author Alan Warren, the Fall of Singapore shattered "the British Empire's illusion of permanence and strength", ultimately making "European empires in Asia unsustainable beyond the short term" and presaging the end of colonialism in the region in the post war period. With his assent, the remaining flyable Hurricanes were withdrawn to Sumatra. Commanders and senior officers should die with their troops. They were witnessing the beginning of the end of the British Empire with the whole city lying under a pall of smoke, lit up by the glow of fires, as the once rich and powerful garrison surrendered to the Japanese. [103] After brushing aside elements of the 6th/15th Indian Brigade, the Japanese again began attacking the 22nd Australian Brigade around the Reformatory Road. As the wreck of Kung Wowas still afloat bombers returned and sank her. The presence of the prison camp is said to have shielded the town of Barth from Allied bombing. 4 Bill Reynolds, later working for American Intelligence, was landed behind enemy lines in Malaya in November 1943. Brooke writes of his experiences in Singapores Dunkirk(Brooke 1989), but tragically this episode did not emulate the success of the English Channel crossing. Another well-known escape was of 65 Australian nurses aboard HMS Vyner Brooke which sailed on 12 February. This gave rise to great excitement with the Army men sensing salvation just over the horizon. [46] Also under Bennett's command was the 44th Indian Infantry Brigade. Financial constraints had hampered construction efforts during the intervening period and shifting strategic circumstances had largely undermined the key premises behind the strategy by the time war had broken out in the Pacific. : [6][7] During 1940 and 1941, the Allies imposed a trade embargo on Japan in response to its campaigns in China and its occupation of French Indochina. Trouble signing in? It looks like WhatsApp is not installed on your phone. Please use a different way to share. A smaller version was the Harbour Defence Motor Launch (HDML). With only a few Navy men and a Merchant Marine among them, and no navigation gear, they make their way to what they hope is safety, where they are reabsorbed into the military machine. Colonels and brigadiers, civilians and civilservants,battle-hardenedwarriorsandarmy deserters intent on escape at any price, left in launches, junks, rowing boats, naval craft, in fact anything that floated. [90] The authority for this withdrawal would later be the subject of debate, with Bennett stating that he had not given Maxwell authorisation to do so. I had 30,000 men and was outnumbered more than three to one. The Locust class river gunboats were relatively new steam turbine ships of 585 tons capable of 17 knots. Naval Historical Society of Australia Inc. Over the course of two hours, the three Australian battalions that had been engaged sought to regroup, moving back east from the coast towards the centre of the island, which was completed mainly in good order. [30][31] A determined counter-attack by the 5/11th Sikh Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel John Parkin) in the area of Niyor, near Kluang, on 25 January and an ambush around the Nithsdale Estate by the 2/18th Australian Battalion on 26/27 January bought valuable time and permitted East Force, based on the 22nd Australian Brigade (Brigadier Harold Taylor), to withdraw from eastern Johor (formerly Johore). HMS Panjiwas also sunk by enemy gunfire at Singapore. In seeking help LEUT Bull and two others eventually made Java where they became POWs. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. Her captain is unknown and she sailed with 4 crew and 25 passengers. He was convicted and hanged in the Philippines on 23 February 1946.[176]. Survival at sea after the fall of Singapore. Its free and takes less than 10 seconds! When the first bombs fell on Singapore the evacuation began in earnest with torrents of people desperately seeking passage in the next available ship. Signaller lucky to escape from Singapore Signaller lucky to escape from Singapore Name: Allan Quick Date: 1942 Unit: L Section, 8 Division Signals Location: Singapore, Ceylon For someone who was a signaller trained to keep things short and to the point, Allan Quick wrote remarkably thoughtful and detailed letters home from the war. Weintraub, Robert, No Better Friend: One Man, One Dog & Their Extraordinary Story of Courage & Survival in WWII, Little Brown & Company, Boston, 2016. [155], The Japanese had advanced 650mi (1,050km) from Singora, Thailand, to the southern coast of Singapore at an average rate of 9mi (14km) a day. In addition, there were two British machine-gun battalions, one Australian, and a British reconnaissance battalion. able aboard ahead anchor arms army arrived asked attack battery became began better boat bobby bombs british broke broome brought called ceylon chance climbed coast command craft crew danger dark. ALSO INCLUDES CORRESPONDENCE TO HIS FAMILY AND LATER NEWS CUTTINGS Only six were alive including Corporal Walter Gibson of the Argylls, who wrote of this ordeal (Gibson 2007), and we again meet the resolute Doris Lim, plus four unnamed Javanese crew. Prior to the main assault, the Australians were subjected to an intense artillery bombardment. Also on hand was the elite Indian manned Hong Kong and Singapore Regiment of Royal Artillery (HK&SRRA) and the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Force. [92] During the initial assault, the Japanese suffered severe casualties from Australian mortars and machine-guns and from burning oil which had been sluiced into the water following the demolition of several oil tanks by the Australians. The battalion, consisting of poorly trained and equipped replacements, advanced to an assembly area near Bukit Timah. Many ships and other craft were sunk or disabled and there was considerable loss of life. The "1942" appears to have been added to the title to avoid confusion with a book by the same name written by S.C. George in 1946. They carried 2 x 4-inch guns, 1 x 3.7-inch gun and 8machine guns, with a crew of 75 officers and men. Taking effect from 8.30 pm, control of this mighty fortress and its garrison was handed over to the Imperial Japanese Army. 3 Charles Moses served in the British infantry during WWI. The initial wave was concentrated against the positions occupied by the 2/18th and 2/20th Battalions, around the Buloh River, as well as one company from the 2/19th Battalion. The Commonwealth having thought the terrain made them impractical, had no tanks and only a few armoured vehicles, which put them at a severe disadvantage. Reviewed in the United States on April 2, 2001. Another unfortunate consequence leading to confusion was that naval personnel responsible for coding and decoding signals were approved to leave the island aboard HMS Jupiterin the early hours of 12 February. These recordings can be accessed through Apple iTunes or for Android users, Stitcher. Escape from Singapore, 1942;: The story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters Later they were flown to Batavia and from there to Australia. The men were forced into a series of small, badly ventilated rooms where they were held overnight without water. [120] That day, military police executed Captain Patrick Heenan for espionage. It was attacked by light naval craft and by aircraft. With the Russians fighting as they are and the Americans so stubborn at Luzon, the whole reputation of our country and our race is involved. She was known locally as The Ice-Box, therefore in taking passengers she was of limited value, only able to use the upper deck. A little after 7.30 pm Kembongs engines were coaxed into life and at 8 pm the anchor was raised. [67], Shortly before 20:30 on 8 February, the first wave of Japanese troops from the 5th Division and 18th Division began crossing the Johor Strait. By this time, Kallang Airfield was, according to author Frank Owen, "so pitted with bomb craters that it was no longer usable". This information, coupled with its own appreciation, convinced the Japanese War Office of the weakness of the British position (Robinson 2016). In addition, HMS Laburnumwas badly damaged by bombing and she, together with HDMLsPenghambat(LEUT F Man RNVR) and Penyengat were scuttled at Singapore to prevent them falling into enemy hands. Moreman, Dr. John & Reid, Dr. Richard, A Bitter Fate: Australians in Malaya & Singapore, Dec 1941 Feb 1942, Department of Veterans Affairs, Canberra, 2002. [77] Operated by the four squadrons of No. There was a problem loading your book clubs. [88] Throughout the day, the 44th Indian Infantry Brigade, still holding its position on the coast, began to feel pressure on its exposed flank and after discussions between Percival and Bennett, it was decided that they would have to retire eastwards to maintain the southern part of the Commonwealth line. Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app. Unfortunately, despite all efforts, some military at the point of a gun, forced their way on board. Please try again. The report also contained an order of battle for the defence of Singapore and the roles to be played by Australian and New Zealand forces should Japan enter the war. A further 1500 women and children left early in the New Year and a final large contingent of 4000 departed in four passenger liners in late January 1942. Of the Australian battalions, three had drawn heavily upon undertrained recruits, new to the theatre. Please try again. Since 1998, Singapore has observed Total Defence Day on 15 February each year, marking the anniversary of the surrender of Singapore. Life on the Line Podcasts This was mostly mangrove swamp and jungle, broken by rivers and creeks. From here they were taken to Padang on the west coast of Sumatra. The faithful old Kembong and her attendant naval launches were left to the Dutch authorities. Gibson, Walter, The Boat Singapore Escape, Monsoon, Singapore, 2007. Free shipping for many products! [177] The concept of Total Defence as a national defence strategy was first introduced in 1984, which serves as a significant reminder that only Singaporeans with a stake in the country can effectively defend Singapore from future threats. on the Internet. View all 1 editions? Dutch officials were appalled at their unruly behavior and could not wait to be rid of their unwelcome guests. An early relief ship was the small Dutch steamer SS Rooseboomwhich loaded about 500 refugees, mainly British troops but some civilians. The Japanese had imprisoned some 75,000 commonwealth soldiers in war camps on the swampy island of Singapore in the spring of 1942. During this time a number of witnesses claim that Australian deserters were involved in widespread looting, while others were alleged to have pushed women off the gangways to get aboard the departing ships evacuating the civilians. [151][137] Elphick also claims that Australians made up the majority of stragglers. Special Operations Executive--History World War, 1939-1945--Secret service--Singapore Singapore--History--Siege, 1942 Wars History Publisher Raffles, 2000 Digital Description application/pdf, 39236 KB, 264 p. : ill., maps, port. [131] The next day, about 200 male staff members and patients who had been assembled and bound the previous day,[131] many of them walking wounded, were ordered to walk about 400m (440yd) to an industrial area. The Captain anchored near the mouth of the Siak River, a large estuary on the east coast of Sumatra, where she was sheltered from prying eyes. Preview Book [115] Elsewhere, the 22nd Brigade continued to hold a position west of the Holland Road until late in the evening when it was pulled back to Holland Village. This reduced the number she could carry to about 25 plus five crew. influencers in the know since 1933. Thailand resisted landings on its territory for about 5 to 8 hours; it then signed a ceasefire and a Treaty of Friendship with Japan, later declaring war on the UK and the US. Much less is known about the planned escape of thousands of servicemen, civilians and women and children over the last few days leading up to the surrender. The Japanese held Singapore until the end of the war. Against all odds, and crammed like sardines, they were underway. The Japanese then proceeded overland across the ThaiMalayan border to attack Malaya. Need help? As it starts, it's not really obvious whether it's a novel or narrative, since it's all told third person. Japanese fighters were superior to the Commonwealth fighters, which helped the Japanese to gain air supremacy. [61], In the days leading up to the Japanese attack, patrols from the Australian 22nd Brigade were sent across the Straits of Johor at night to gather intelligence. Reviewed in the United States on April 2, 2001. Percival had expected a crossing in the north and failed to reinforce the defenders in time. Despite stubborn resistance and inflicting considerable casualties over 17 days of fighting, Hong Kong surrendered on Christmas Day 1941. With copies of charts supplied by CMDR Robinson they picked their course past minefields but suddenly, late at night when navigating reefs, they went aground. [14][15] This was virtually simultaneous with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor which precipitated the United States' entry into the war. On 11 November 1940 the German raider Atlantisencountered the Blue Funnel liner Automedon. For the rest of December there were false alerts and several infrequent and sporadic hit-and-run attacks on outlying military installations such as the Naval Base but no raids on Singapore City. With only two boats it would take several trips to get all personnel to some wooded islands about 5 miles distant. Eventually it becomes clear that Skidmore must have reconstructed it all from interviews with and diaries of those involved, but it makes for an awkward beginning. At last the small convoy was in the open sea and made for the west coast of Australia, but Perak stoically continued alone for Colombo, reaching this destination safely on 4 March 1942. [16], The 25th Army was resisted in northern Malaya by III Corps of the British Indian Army. Most women and children who wanted to escape by ship had already gone albeit that most of the ships which had left in the previous couple of days were doomed to be sunk. The situation had become so desperate that one British soldier took to the middle of a road to fire his Vickers machine gun at any aircraft that passed. Planners determined a broad scheme of manoeuvres that incorporated simultaneous attacks on the territories of Britain, The Netherlands and the United States. The surviving garrison was marched into Japanese prison camps, some never to return. Twenty-two others escaped the island after rebuilding a native vessel but were captured and returned to Singapore as POWs. Over a period of 15 hours, starting at 23:00 on 8 February 1942, Yamashita's heavy guns fired a bombardment 88,000 shells (200 rounds per gun) along the straits, cutting telephone lines and isolating forward units. Categories: [66] The bombardment of the Australians was not seen as a prelude to attackMalaya Command believed that it would last several days and would later switch its focus to the north-east, despite its ferocity exceeding anything the Allies had experienced thus far in the campaign; no order was passed to the Commonwealth artillery units to bombard possible Japanese assembly areas. The most positive escape concerns the ex-Japanese fishing vessel Kofoku Maruskippered by Australian master mariner turned mining engineer, William (Bill) Reynolds. . No. One survivor, Private Arthur Haines from the Wiltshire Regiment, wrote a four-page account of the massacre that was sold by his daughter by private auction in 2008. I refer back to the original statement of "Left Singapore for Java in February 1942; escaped from Java by ship for Australia, but two ships were sunk and his ship turned and headed for India, arriving in Karachi March 1942". The Japanese attacked the weakest part of the island defences and established a beachhead on 8 February. Amazon has encountered an error. A yarn of adventure in Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean. 1942 World War II battle; Japanese victory Fall of Singapore Part of the Pacific Warof the Second World War Lieutenant-GeneralArthur Percival(right), led by Ichiji Sugita, walks under a flag of truceto negotiate the capitulation of Commonwealth forces in Singapore, 15 February 1942. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. It left a scar on his mind. A company from Dalforce fought alongside the 22nd Australian Brigade. The airfields at Tengah, Seletar and Sembawang were in range of Japanese artillery at Johor Bahru. These Dalforce officers were keen to attempt an escape to Sumatra where they might reform. Ideally the passage over open water was made at night and where possible vessels laid up in the day close to, or under cover of, islands. 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