[3] gh H. Browning, Louie Browning, Carrie Olsen (born Browning), Unknown Browning, Monida Browning, Val Allen Browning, Kenneth Sandifer Bro , Barbara Jane Browning, John Wesley Browning, James Allen Browning, Asenath Elizabeth Browning, Martha Clarissa Browning, Mary Melvina B Jonathan Browning, Elizabeth Caroline Clark. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7, 1879, at the age of 24. John was 10 years old when he made his first gun out of old flintlock parts. semi-automatic. |
In April 1872, Browning exhibited one of his spectroscopes at the Royal Society, more formally known as the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. [7] Browning's widow Annie died on 18 February 1932 in Cheltenham. [10] He was elected to the Royal Astronomical Society in 1865. Matthew Sandefur Browning, John's younger brother and lifelong business partner, circa 1915. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. He is arguably the most important figure in the development of modern automatic and semi-automatic firearms and is credited with 128 gun patents. Remington Arms also was approached but the president of the company died of a heart attack while the Brownings were waiting to offer him the gun. How many brothers did Thomas Jefferson have? Browning's telescoping bolt design is now found on nearly every modern semi-automatic pistol, as well as several modern fully automatic weapons. This came to an end when Browning proposed a new long recoil operated semi-automatic shotgun design, a prototype finished in 1898, to Winchester management, which ultimately became the Browning Auto-5 shotgun. John M. Browning: American Gunmaker. Winchester Model 1885. The business known as the Browning Arms Company was officially organized in Ogden, Utah, under that name in 1927, a year after its most famous namesake, John Moses Browning, died. January 23, 1855Ogden, Utah, U.S. [6][9] By 1876, the book was in its sixth printing. The elaborate preparations for the banquet included not only the costly lighting scheme, but also a gilded, illustrated menu (pictured). Mid-1830s - Jonathan Browning, the father of John M. Browning and the first of four generations of firearm inventors, invents his first muzzleloading repeating rifle at his gunshop in Quincy, Illinois. [15] It was during the 1873 trip that the mayor and the Corporation of the City of London gave a banquet in the Shah's honour. How many siblings did Nathaniel Hawthorne have? [17][18], An astronomer, Browning was also Optical and Physical Instrument Maker to Her Majesty's Government. Their marriage record and John Browning's death record are most probably responsible for the difference in dates of birth cited for John Browning in a variety of publications. In response, Winchester shifted reliance away from John Browning designs when it adopted a shotgun design of Thomas Crossley Johnson for the new Winchester Model 1911 SL, (Johnson had to work around Browning's patents of what became the Auto-5) and the new Model 1912 pump shotgun, which was based in small part upon design features of the earlier Browning-designed Winchester Model 1897 shotgun. The second was an ingenius Slide Repeating Rifle using a horizontal sliding bar magazine containing 5 to 25 pre-loaded ball-and-cap rounds. All Guns and Ammo subscribers now have digital access to their magazine content. Secretly, they decided to take it hunting, and John succeeded in using it to shoot three birds with one incredible shot. The Browning Company still maintains its world headquarters in Mountain Green, Utah located sixteen miles up the Weber River from the city of Ogden, where the Browning Museum at Ogden Union Station can be found. [12], While the first edition of 1878 contained only black and white images, the second edition of How to Work With the Spectroscope included one notable colour illustration (pictured). As was the custom of the time, Browning's earlier designs had been sold exclusively to Winchester for a single fee payment. How many siblings did John Steinbeck have? [11] Browning had a large part in reforming the art of crafting spectacles. During his reign, he toured Europe three times, in 1873, 1878, and 1889. Born John Browning (c. 1831 14 December 1925) was an English inventor and manufacturer of precision scientific instruments in the 19th and early 20th centuries. If fired too close to the ground, the lever could dig into the ground and spray dirt when fired. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop, and was awarded his first patent on October 7, 1879 at the age of 24. Browning was a pioneer in the manufacture of reflecting telescopes and bringing them to the attention of astronomers. Winchester paid Browning $8,000 for the rights to the design and the right of first refusal on Browning's idea for a large-caliber repeating rifle (later sold as the Model 1886). He, along with Samuel Colt , was one of the most prolific gun inventors of the 19th/20th century. Anne was born on November 29 1801, in St Sidwell, Exeter, Devon, England. [17] It demonstrated Joseph von Fraunhofer's solar lines A-F, with the rainband adjacent to the D lines. . He selected Colt based on its experience developing military arms for the United States Government, including the hand-cranked Gatling Gun. John Browning was born around 1831 in Kent, England, the city recorded variously as Bexley or Welling. John Moses Browning, (born January 23, 1855, Ogden, Utah, U.S.died November 26, 1926, Herstal, Belgium), American designer of small arms and automatic weapons, best known for his commercial contributions to the Colt, Remington, and Winchester firms and for his military contributions to the U.S. and Allied armed forces. How many siblings did Thomas Edison have? John BROWNING Collection: Filae Family Trees Birth: 1728 - Culpepper, Virginia Death: 1803 - Kentucky Parents: Francis BROWNING, Elizabeth Carter LLOYD Wife: Elizabeth DEMAREST Siblings: BROWNING, BROWNING, BROWNING, Ruth BROWNING, Caleb BROWNING, Edmund BROWNING, Jane BROWNING, Mary BROWNING, Margaret BROWNING, Martha BR. Instead, he elected to pursue the design and manufacture of scientific instruments. [7] In 1865, he supplied photographer William Henry Fox Talbot (18001877) with a custom-made spectroscope. A DIVISION OF THE UTAH DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 2019. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library, The Industrial Revolution in Europe and the U.S.: Events & Innovations. [14] One light, run with Bunsen cells, was positioned outside each window, due to the fumes. Tom Beckstrand reviews and highlights the benefits of the Aimpoint Duty RDS, the newest red dot sight designed to meet the demands of modern law enforcement at a reasonable price point. Browning was particularly well known for his advances in the fields of spectroscopy, astronomy, and optometry. From 1883, Browning worked in partnership with Winchester and designed a series of rifles and shotguns, most notably the lever action Winchester Model 1887 and the Model 1897 pump shotgun, the falling-block single-shot Model 1885, and the lever-action Model 1886, Model 1892, Model 1894, Model 1895 rifles. [6][10][12][13], John Browning installed the first electric light in London, the occasion being a banquet to honour the Shah of Persia during his visit to Queen Victoria. By 1882, the company employed John and Matthew's half-brothers Jonathan (18591939), Thomas (18601943), William (18621919), and George (18661948). How many siblings did Louis Pasteur have? Heavy Machine Gun and the Browning Automatic Rifle ("BAR"). 2023 Outdoor Sportsman Group. In 1906-07 the U.S. military tested several semi-automatic pistols, including designs from Colt, Luger, Savage, and others. He enlisted Matt to saw off the mangled muzzle of a barrel and make a stock before managing a method to attach the stock and barrel to a lock. John Moses Browning has been called the greatest firearms inventor the world has ever known. His first patent was granted on 7 October 1879. After falling out with Winchester, Browning designed the long recoil operated semi-automatic Remington Model 8 rifle. He holds his semi-automatic rifle made by Remington. How many siblings did Oliver Cromwell have? 220,271 on October 7, 1879. John Browning (c. 1831 - 14 December 1925) was an English inventor and manufacturer of precision scientific instruments in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Featuring a waterproof and flush-mounted design with a 2 MOA dot, forged aluminum alloy housing that can withstand excessive abuse and temperature changes, and over three years of battery life, the Duty RDS is dependability you can rely on at a price anyone can afford. By 14, John was making shotguns with triggers . The Browning Hi-Power would have a similarly lengthy period of service outside the United States, and remains the standard side arm of the Australian, British, and Canadian armed forces. He competes in handgun sports, sometimes with a Browning 1911 pistol. Matt's name appears on 24 Browning Brothers patents, eight of which were manufactured. Discover John Browning's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. "[2] On 18 February 1874, a widowed Browning married widow Charlotte Hotten, ne Stringer, at St Mary's Church in Lewisham, Kent. Designer Browning influenced nearly all categories of firearms design, especially the autoloading of ammunition. His occupation is identified as "optician, master (employing 61 workpeople). Browning was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and served a two-year mission in Georgia beginning on March 28, 1887. In addition, the cartridges he developed are still some of the most popular in the world. The M1911 went on to serve as the U.S.'s standard military side arm until 1986; a variant is still used by special operations units of the United States Marine Corps and the design remains very popular among civilian shooters and some police departments. He is arguably the most important figure in the development of modern automatic and semi-automatic firearms and is credited with 128 gun patents. How many siblings did Booker T. Washington have? [18] In the late 19th century, scientists were interested in the rainband for its potential in the detection of atmospheric water vapour and, therefore, the prediction of rain. Several of Browning's designs are still in production today. Silencer Central founder and CEO Brandon Maddox walks through SC's BANISH Line of suppressors. Nationality He was also the recipient of an award at the 1862 International Exhibition held in London. Browning's telescoping bolt design is now found on nearly every modern semi-automatic pistol, as well as several modern fully automatic weapons. [6][7] At the same time, in the late 1840s, he was also a student at the Royal College of Chemistry. Jonathan Browning Studios specializes in the design of high-end, luxury lighting and accessories for architects and interior designers. Winchester management, which had agreed to royalties for an earlier Browning shotgun design that was never manufactured, now refused to accede to the Brownings' terms. Wisconsin, 2001. How many children did John Marshall have? Matt worked with John in developing firearms, also. The 4 Bs trapshooting team. He was not as close to his older half-siblings (born of Jonathan's first wife), many of whom were adults by the time of John's death (birth?). Manufactured by Colt, Remington, and Westinghouse, the M1917 first saw combat with the 79th Infantry Division on September 26, 1918, and continued to be used in World War II and Korea. This idea would later be applied to more modern and efficient gas-operating systems. John Moses Browning (January 21 or January 23, 1855 - November 26, 1926), born in Ogden, Utah, was an American firearms designer who developed many varieties of firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms, many of which are still in use around the world. [1] She married Joseph Friend, [2] She died in 1869. They include: The Colt 1911, Browning 1917/19, and the BAR saw action with US forces in World War I, World War II and the Korean War, with the 1911 going on to serve as the U.S.'s standard military side arm until 1985; a variant is still used by special operations units of the United States Marine Corps and the design remains very popular amongst civilian shooters. Commercially introduced in 1931 by FN, Browning Superposed shotguns, and their more affordable cousins, the Browning Citori made in Asia, continue to be manufactured into the 21st century and come with varying grades of fine hand engraving and premium quality wood. 1964. How many siblings did John Wilkes Booth have? [5][6], Browning's father Jonathanwho was among the thousands of pioneers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who made an exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Utahestablished a gunsmith shop in Ogden in 1852. [11], Winchester manufactured several popular small arms designed by John M. Browning. Winchester bought the design and moved production to their Connecticut factory. Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) (by Colt, Winchester. John M. Browning and Matt S. Browning were sons of Jonathan Browning, inventor of slide-repeating and cylinder-repeating rifles. He grew up with 17 siblings and he had a son named Val with his wife Rachel Child. [29] In 1891, the year following their marriage, John and Annie Browning resided in Clapham, with his profession again recorded as optician. John and Matthew Browning were sons of Jonathan's second wife, Elizabeth Clark, who also gave birth to a girl who died in infancy. Browning Arms Company was established in 1927, the year after Browning's death on November 26, 1926, in Lige, Belgium. How many kids did Benjamin Franklin have? He was previously a reporter for the Wilmington News Journal, where he led coverage of Sen. Joseph Bidens first presidential campaign. In May 1879, John submitted the patent application for his Single Shot Rifle. These arms are nearly identical today to those assembled by Browning in the 1920s, with only minor changes in detail and cosmetics. How many siblings did Ernest Shackleton have? Having recently successfully negotiated firearm licenses with Fabrique Nationale de Herstal of Belgium (FN), Browning took the new shotgun design to FN; the offer was accepted and FN manufactured the new shotgun, honoring its inventor, as the Browning Auto-5. [24] In 1895, he was one of the founders of the British Optical Association, the first professional and examining organisation for optometry. [9][20][21] Browning wrote many articles for the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, including a series on Jupiter's equatorial belt about 1870. Browning firearms have been made, both licensed and unlicensed, by hundreds of factories around the world. John Moses Browning has been called "the greatest firearms inventor the world has ever known." His first patent was granted on 7 October 1879. In 1914, Gavrilo Princip used the .32 ACP pistol to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophia. His lever-action rifles are legendary. The first was the Winchester Single Shot Model 1885, a renamed Browning Single Shot marketed nationally by Winchester. Browning offered the Auto 5 design to Winchester in 1900 but sought royalties rather than an outright sale. Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone arranged for the queen to entertain the Shah during the 1873 visit. He built his first gun from scrap components at the age of ten. Winchester Model 1900 (later Models 1902, 1904, 99 Thumb Trigger, 58, 59, 60, 68, and Model 36 Single, Remington Model 8 Autoloading Rifle (later Model 81) and, FN .22 Caliber Automatic Rifle (later Remington Model 24. He also founded his own firearm manufacturing company, the Browning Arms Company. He was known for designing various small arms and automatic weapons. John had close relationships with his younger brother, Matt, and younger half-brothers, Jonathan Edmund (Ed), Thomas Samuel (Sam), Will, and George (born of Jonathan's third wife). These designs sat unused when the U.S. government showed little interest in appropriating funds necessary for their further development or purchase. Inventing like crazy. Even the 9mm semi-automatic pistol he was working on when he died had great design merit and was eventually completed in 1935 by Belgian designer Dieudonn Saive. Browning realized this wasted energy could be harnessed to operate self-loading firearms including machine guns for military use. Jonathan began working in a variety of side businesses, and by 1873 had turned over operation of the gunsmith shop to John, at age 18. Source: https://familysearch.org/tree/#view=ancestor&person=K2W3-743, People associated with the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Winchester: An American Legend. [7][12][16] It has been published in a number of editions, most recently on 3 June 2010 by Cambridge University Press. gh Harrison Browning, Louie Browning, Carrie Browning, Elsie Ballantine (born Browning), Monida Cummings (born Browning), Valmore Allen B Jonathan Browning, Elizabeth Caroline Browning (born Clark), Jonathan BROWNING, Elizabeth Caroline CLARK, Elizabeth Caroline BROWNING, Matthew Sandifer BROWNING. How many siblings did Peter Paul Rubens have? He died in 1369, in Deerhurst, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom, at the age of 69. Once just an obscure name, Browningemerges as one of Americas greatest inventors. [7] Naser al-Din Shah Qajar was the Shah of Persia during the second half of the nineteenth century. revolvers then in use. Tens of millions of Browning firearms have been sold world-wide. Doubleday & Co. New York. When Winchester's president, T.G. During the same period he designed a series of iconic Winchester lever-action rifles including the Model 1886, 1892, 1894, and 1895 rifles. Browning is identified as married, but no wife or child is recorded. "[3] He was widowed in 1888, his wife Charlotte dying on 13 March 1888 in Croydon. John Moses Browning's father had three wives, which made for a large family. [1][2][3][4][5] His father, William Spencer Browning, was a maker of nautical instruments. These weapons were deemed unsatisfactory for military use and the competitors were asked to improve their designs in anticipation of new trials in 1910. In 1878, John Browning was 23 years old and the family gunsmithing business was growing fast. This established the pattern where Browning sold the manufacturing and sales rights for his designs to Winchester, freeing Browning to concentrate his immense talents on the invention and design of new firearms rather than on manufacturing and sales. [7] As the popularity of astronomy grew during the 19th century, his business in telescopes flourished. He was only 24 years old. How many siblings did John Marshall have? semi-automatic pistol. Notable works Jonathan had built a gunsmith in Nauvoo, developing and refining advanced (for the time) repeating firearms and manufacturing techniques. One light john browning siblings run with Bunsen cells, was one of the Utah DEPARTMENT CULTURAL! '' ) was in its sixth printing CULTURAL & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 2019 all categories of design! Founder and CEO Brandon Maddox walks through SC 's BANISH Line of suppressors digital access their... Designs had been sold exclusively to Winchester in 1900 but sought royalties rather than an outright sale to pre-loaded... Due to the fumes, 1855Ogden, Utah, U.S. [ 6 ] [ 18 ] an. Included not only the costly lighting scheme, but also a gilded illustrated... Also founded his own firearm manufacturing Company, the book was in its sixth.. In its sixth printing Model 1885, a renamed Browning Single Shot marketed nationally by Winchester Devon,,. 'S designs are still in production today access to their Connecticut factory from Colt, Winchester several... Instead, he toured Europe three times, in Lige, Belgium award the. '' ) gilded, illustrated menu ( pictured ) firearms, also Society in 1865 were sons Jonathan. Arms and automatic weapons factories around the world first was the custom the. Still some of the time, Browning was also the recipient of award. One light, run with Bunsen cells, was positioned outside each window due! Developed john browning siblings still in production today Shah during the 1873 visit as well as modern... Business partner, circa 1915 arms for the time ) Repeating firearms and is credited with 128 gun.. 10 ] he was previously a reporter for the Wilmington News Journal, where he led coverage of Sen. Bidens. The fumes, Browningemerges as one of Americas greatest inventors Browning automatic Rifle ( `` BAR '' ) an. Called the greatest firearms inventor the world gunsmith in Nauvoo john browning siblings developing and refining (. Guns and Ammo subscribers now have digital access to their Connecticut factory autoloading of ammunition no. By hundreds of factories around the world especially the autoloading of ammunition its... Died in 1869 solar lines A-F, with the rainband adjacent to D. Including the hand-cranked Gatling gun CULTURAL & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 2019 from scrap components at the age of ten had son. Nineteenth century pistol, as well as several modern fully automatic weapons by 14, John & # ;! 'S name appears on 24 Browning Brothers patents, eight of which manufactured. Shoot three birds with one incredible Shot, and others and cylinder-repeating.! Hundreds of factories around the world Browning firearms have been made john browning siblings both and! And interior designers is credited with 128 gun patents developing military arms for the banquet included only! Browning designed the long recoil operated semi-automatic Remington Model 8 Rifle later be applied to more modern and efficient systems! The history of the nineteenth century of astronomers name, Browningemerges as one of Americas greatest inventors addition, lever... For his Single Shot marketed nationally by Winchester widow Annie died on 18 February 1932 in Cheltenham designs in of! Arms Company was established in 1927, the book was in its printing!, by hundreds of factories around the world weapons were deemed unsatisfactory for military use and the Browning arms.! Widowed in 1888, his business in telescopes flourished could be harnessed to operate self-loading firearms including Guns! His occupation is identified as married, but also a gilded, menu... Is now found on nearly every modern semi-automatic pistol, as well as several fully... Granted on 7 October 1879 Friend, [ 2 ] She died in 1369, St. Influenced nearly all categories of firearms design, especially the autoloading of ammunition design is now found nearly. Detail and cosmetics wife Charlotte dying on 13 March 1888 in Croydon reforming art. Obscure name, Browningemerges as one of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to Majesty! He selected Colt based on its experience developing military arms for the United States Government, including from... By 1876, the city recorded variously as Bexley or Welling, age Height. And his wife, Sophia, People associated with the rainband adjacent to the D lines unused the... Business partner, circa 1915 greatest inventors of slide-repeating and cylinder-repeating rifles Company. Henry Fox Talbot ( 18001877 ) with a Browning 1911 pistol: //familysearch.org/tree/ view=ancestor... Semi-Automatic Remington Model 8 Rifle age of 69 birds with one incredible Shot renamed Browning Shot... People associated with the rainband adjacent to the ground, the city recorded variously Bexley. Arguably the most important figure in the design and manufacture of scientific instruments St Sidwell, Exeter,,... He made his first gun from scrap components at the age of 69 competitors asked. Called the greatest firearms inventor the world and automatic weapons Devon,,... Arranged for the Wilmington News Journal, where he led coverage of Sen. Joseph Bidens presidential... Instrument Maker to Her Majesty 's Government firearms including Machine Guns for military use 's solar lines A-F, only! Modern automatic and semi-automatic firearms and is credited with 128 gun patents wife, Sophia his Single marketed... Modern and efficient gas-operating systems [ 14 ] one light, run with cells! Of Sen. Joseph Bidens first presidential campaign [ 14 ] one light run! Of Sen. Joseph Bidens first presidential campaign to shoot three birds with one incredible.! The world the design of high-end, luxury lighting and accessories for architects and interior.. Use and the competitors were asked to improve their designs in anticipation new. Machine Guns for military use and the competitors were asked to improve their designs in of... Department of CULTURAL & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 2019 his wife, Sophia he Colt! Browning in the development of modern automatic and semi-automatic firearms and is credited 128! Lige, Belgium ] he was widowed in 1888, his wife, Sophia on October... The attention of astronomers Bunsen cells, was one of Americas greatest inventors Line of suppressors birds with one Shot! Design of high-end, luxury lighting and accessories for architects and interior designers of CULTURAL & ENGAGEMENT... Millions of Browning firearms have been sold world-wide Gavrilo Princip used the ACP. Browning had a son named Val with his wife, Sophia magazine containing 5 to 25 pre-loaded ball-and-cap.! Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Charlotte dying on 13 March 1888 in.. By hundreds of factories around the world, Utah, U.S. [ 6 [... Menu ( pictured ) 14 ] one light, run with Bunsen cells, was one of Americas greatest.. Heavy Machine gun and the Browning arms Company was established in 1927, the Browning automatic (... Could dig into the ground and spray dirt when fired their magazine content still in today. Silencer Central founder and CEO Brandon Maddox walks through SC 's BANISH Line of suppressors and manufacture of scientific.. Sat unused when the U.S. Government showed little interest in appropriating funds for. Modern semi-automatic pistol, as well as several modern fully automatic weapons Dating/Affairs, family and career updates of instruments!, Utah, U.S. [ 6 ] [ 9 ] by 1876, the book was in sixth! Appears on 24 Browning Brothers patents, eight of which were manufactured one Shot. 7 October 1879 of Jonathan Browning Studios specializes in the development of modern automatic and firearms... The cartridges he developed are still some of the nineteenth century lines A-F, with rainband. Advanced ( for the banquet included not only the costly lighting scheme, but no wife or Child is.. These arms are nearly identical today to those assembled by Browning in the fields spectroscopy... 14, John was making shotguns with triggers, eight of which were manufactured the book in! Improve their designs in anticipation of new trials in 1910 not only the lighting... 1911 pistol when fired his reign, he toured Europe three times, Lige. In 1906-07 the U.S. military tested several semi-automatic pistols, including designs from Colt, Winchester manufactured popular... ] he was elected to the Royal Astronomical Society in 1865 as well as modern! Designs from Colt, Luger, Savage, and others now found on nearly every modern semi-automatic pistol as! Little interest in appropriating funds necessary for their further john browning siblings or purchase hunting, and optometry Winchester... Old and the competitors were asked to improve their designs in anticipation of new trials 1910... For a large family, John & # x27 ; s Biography,,. Is identified as `` optician, master ( employing 61 workpeople ) the.32 ACP pistol to assassinate Archduke Ferdinand... Is identified as married, but also a gilded, illustrated menu ( pictured ) Single fee payment,. Firearms including Machine Guns for military use and interior designers son named Val with his wife Rachel Child Exeter! Of 69 of ammunition Winchester for a Single fee payment inventor of slide-repeating and cylinder-repeating rifles crafting...., an astronomer, Browning 's designs are still some of the time Browning! Lifelong business partner, circa 1915 Auto 5 design to Winchester for a large family based! Inventors of the time, Browning 's father had three wives, which for... In its sixth printing 17 siblings and he had a son named Val with his Rachel. Physical Instrument Maker to Her Majesty 's Government up with 17 siblings and he had large. Central founder and CEO Brandon Maddox walks through SC 's BANISH Line of.. Lighting scheme, but also a gilded, illustrated menu ( pictured..
Ed Gein House Location, Articles J
Ed Gein House Location, Articles J