[14], With a deadweight capacity of 26,000 long tons (29,120 short tons; 26,417t),[4] and a 729-foot (222m) hull, Edmund Fitzgerald was the longest ship on the Great Lakes, earning her the title Queen of the Lakes[12] until September 17, 1959, when the 730-foot (222.5m) SS Murray Bay was launched. [202] Lightfoot's popular ballad made the sinking of Edmund Fitzgerald one of the best-known disasters in the history of Great Lakes shipping. [76] The GLSHS paid $10,000 for three of its members to each join a dive and take still pictures. [209] A "cottage industry"[210] has evolved across the Great Lakes region from Two Harbors, Minnesota, to Whitefish Point, the incident's "ground zero". The SS Daniel J. Morrell, like the Edmund Fitzgerald, was a victim of one of those "gales of November." Though she lacks the notoriety of the ship popularized by Lightfoot, her own story is even stranger. Many theorize what conditions caused the ship to go down that night. . [79] MacInnis concluded that the notes and video obtained during the dives did not provide an explanation why Edmund Fitzgerald sank. On NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday on February 14, 2015, Gordon Lightfoot said he was inspired to write the song when he saw the name misspelled "Edmond" in Newsweek magazine two weeks after the sinking; Lightfoot said he felt that it dishonored the memory of the 29 who died. Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, invested in the iron and minerals industries on a large-scale basis, including the construction of Edmund Fitzgerald, which represented the first such investment by any American life insurance company. "[148] Thereafter, at the request of the Marine Board and the Commander of the USCG Ninth District, the Canadian Hydrographic Service conducted a survey of the area surrounding Michipicoten Island and Caribou Island in 1976. THE EDMUND FITZGERALD LEAVES PORT from northwestern Wisconsin on November 9, 1975. [17] Originally coal-fired, her boilers were converted to burn oil during the 197172 winter layup. [35][108] The "three sisters" phenomenon is said to occur on Lake Superior as a result of a sequence of three rogue waves forming that are one-third larger than normal waves. 1960 Arthur B. Homer 1986. He further noted that USCG rescue vessels were unlikely to reach the scene of an incident on Lake Superior or Lake Huron within 6to 12hours of its occurrence. 3 and 4 were covered with mud; one corner of hatch cover No. Average wave heights increased to near 19 feet (5.8m) by 7:00p.m., November 10, and winds exceeded 50mph (43kn; 80km/h) over most of southeastern Lake Superior. It's the last and the largest ship ever lost on the lakes. The efforts of a third freighter, the Toronto-registered SSHilda Marjanne, were foiled by the weather. The Edmund Fitzgerald had a 7, 000 horsepower steam turbine engine that could push the ship at around 16 miles an hour (Stonehouse 13). Edmund Fitzgerald lay about 15 miles (13nmi; 24km) west of Deadman's Cove, Ontario (about 8 miles (7.0nmi; 13km) northwest of Pancake Bay Provincial Park), 17 miles (15nmi; 27km) from the entrance to Whitefish Bay to the southeast, in Canadian waters close to the international boundary at a depth of 530 feet (160m). Navy estimates put the length of the bow section at 276 feet (84m) and that of the stern section at 253 feet (77m). [149] The NTSB investigation concluded that, at the time of Edmund Fitzgerald's foundering, Lake Survey Chart No. Of the thousands of shipwrecks that fill the Great Lakes, most people can name only one: the Edmund Fitzgerald. [119] Conjecture by proponents of the Six Fathom Shoal hypothesis concluded that Edmund Fitzgerald's downed fence rail reported by McSorley could occur only if the ship "hogged" during shoaling, with the bow and stern bent downward and the midsection raised by the shoal, pulling the railing tight until the cables dislodged or tore under the strain. [157], A fathometer was not required under USCG regulations, and Edmund Fitzgerald lacked one,[158] even though fathometers were available at the time of her sinking. The Edmund Fitzgerald was the largest ship on the Great Lakes upon completion in 1958 and remained so until the early 1970s. It has virtually no watertight integrity. The rear kept going forward with the engine still running, rolled to port and landed bottom up. YoungPlusJSC. [4], In 1969, Edmund Fitzgerald received a safety award for eight years of operation without a time-off worker injury. Morrell. [70], A U.S. Navy Lockheed P-3 Orion aircraft, piloted by Lt. George Conner and equipped to detect magnetic anomalies usually associated with submarines, found the wreck on November 14, 1975. It had 29 crew during its sinking on 10 November 1975 due to a storm in Lake Superior. Great lakes Edmund Fitzgerald porter beer, Cleveland Ohio Made. 730' LOA, 711' LBP, 75' beam, 39' depth. As a result, ineffective hatch closure caused Edmund Fitzgerald to flood and founder.[111]. [15] Edmund Fitzgerald's three central cargo holds[16] were loaded through 21 watertight cargo hatches, each 11 by 48 feet (3.4 by 14.6m) of .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}516-inch-thick (7.9mm) steel. His hypothesis held that Edmund Fitzgerald grounded at 9:30a.m. on November 10 on Superior Shoal. [169] Paquette was never asked to testify during the USCG or NTSB investigations. [78] Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution provided Edwin A. One had speeds in excess of 43 knots (80km/h; 49mph) and the other winds in excess of 40 knots (74km/h; 46mph). [138] He stated that planning Edmund Fitzgerald to be compatible with the constraints of the St. Lawrence Seaway had placed her hull design in a "straight jacket [sic?]. Thousands of ships have sunk in Great Lakes since the European explorers began navigating the Lakes in late 1600. The final position of the wreckage indicated that if the Edmund Fitzgerald had capsized, it must have suffered a structural failure before hitting the lake bottom. The USCG and NTSB investigated whether Edmund Fitzgerald broke apart due to structural failure of the hull and because the 1976 CURVIII survey found Edmund Fitzgerald's sections were 170 feet (52m) from each other, the USCG's formal casualty report of July 1977 concluded that she had separated upon hitting the lake floor. SS Arthur M. Anderson is a cargo ship of the laker type. Around 10:30p.m., the USCG asked all commercial vessels anchored in or near Whitefish Bay to assist in the search. [90] Canadian engineer Phil Nuytten's atmospheric diving suit, known as the "Newtsuit," was used to retrieve the bell from the ship, replace it with a replica, and put a beer can in Edmund Fitzgerald's pilothouse. A brief history on the sister ship of the Edmund Fitzgerald. [80] The same year, longtime sport diver Fred Shannon formed Deepquest Ltd., and organized a privately funded dive to the wreck of Edmund Fitzgerald, using Delta Oceanographic's submersible, Delta. Captain Ernest M. McSorley had loaded her with 26,116 long tons of taconite pellets, made of processed iron ore, heated and rolled into marble-size balls. The Edmund Fitzgerald was launched June 8, 1958 at River Rouge, Michigan. [25] On September 22, 1958, Edmund Fitzgerald completed nine days of sea trials. [145] The NTSB investigation concluded that the NWS failed to accurately predict wave heights on November 10. The Arthur M. Anderson was the last ship within sight of the Edmund Fitzgerald and the last to hear its captain's voice. He told them that Edmund Fitzgerald's foundering was caused by negligence. Without warning or a distress signal, the Edmund Fitzgerald sank some 17 miles from Whitefish Bay near Sault Ste. The final voyage of Edmund Fitzgerald, that commenced on November 9th, 1975, and its subsequent disappearance, are extremely mysterious. She is famous for being the last ship to be in contact with SS Edmund Fitzgerald before she sank on November 10, 1975. My apologies for any mispronunciation in the video.My source:https://greatlakesships.wordpress.c. Officers from Arthur M. Anderson observed that Edmund Fitzgerald sailed through this exact area. From the beginning of the USCG inquiry, some of the crewmen's families and various labor organizations believed the USCG findings could be tainted because there were serious questions regarding their preparedness as well as licensing and rules changes. Shortly after 7:10p.m., Edmund Fitzgerald suddenly sank in Canadian (Ontario) waters 530 feet (88 fathoms; 160m) deep, about 17 miles (15 nautical miles; 27 kilometers) from Whitefish Bay near the twin cities of Sault Ste. Instead, a hand line was the only method Edmund Fitzgerald had to take depth soundings. [34], Because of her size, appearance, string of records, and "DJ captain,"[4] Edmund Fitzgerald became a favorite of boat watchers throughout her career. First voyage: Sept. 24, 1958. 1 hatch were fractured and buckled inward. With a deadweight capacity of 26,000 long tons (29,120 short tons; 26,417 t), and a 729-foot (222 m) hull, Edmund Fitzgerald was the longest ship on the Great Lakes, earning her the title Queen of the Lakes until September 17, 1959, . The bow section stood upright in the mud, some 170 feet (52m) from the stern section that lay capsized at a 50-degree angle from the bow. Her belly is heavy, loaded down with twenty-six thousand tons of taconite pellets. Captained by Ernest M. McSorley, Fitzgerald left the Burlington Northern Railroad Dock 1 in Superior Wisconsin. [54] Some time later, McSorley told Woodard, "I have a 'bad list', I have lost both radars, and am taking heavy seas over the deck in one of the worst seas I have ever been in. In between the two broken sections lay a large mass of taconite pellets and scattered wreckage lying about, including hatch covers and hull plating. It is nearly 64 years since the Edmund Fitzgerald sank in Lake Superior. She was used to carry taconite from mines near Duluth, Minnesota to iron works in Detroit, Toledo and other ports. [88] Shannon's photography of Edmund Fitzgerald's overturned stern showed "no evidence on the bottom of the stern, the propeller or the rudder of the ship that would indicate the ship struck a shoal. Maritime author Wolff reported that depending on weather conditions, all the clamps were eventually set within one to two days. "[107] Cooper went on to say that these two waves, possibly followed by a third, continued in the direction of Edmund Fitzgerald and would have struck about the time she sank. Conversion to oil fuel and the fitting of automated boiler controls over the winter of 197172. . The S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald was the largest ship on the Great Lakes. He stated, "After that, trust me, when a gale came up we dropped the hook [anchor]. The creation of the online database . . Marie, Ontarioa distance Edmund Fitzgerald could have covered in just over an hour at her top speed. Packed to the brim with ore pellets, the ship headed out to a steel mill on Zug Island near Detroit, Michigan. Frederick Stonehouse wrote: Stewards treated the guests to the entire VIP routine. [94], An April 2005 amendment to the Ontario Heritage Act allows the Ontario government to impose a license requirement on dives, the operation of submersibles, side scan sonars or underwater cameras within a designated radius around protected sites. [170] Of the official recommendations, the following actions and USCG regulations were put in place: Karl Bohnak, an Upper Peninsula meteorologist, covered the sinking and storm in a book on local weather history. "[122], Maritime author Stonehouse reasoned that "unlike the Lake Carriers, the Coast Guard had no vested interest in the outcome of their investigation. [191][192], The ship's bell was recovered from the wreck on July 4, 1995. [127], Another published hypothesis contends that an already weakened structure, and modification of Edmund Fitzgerald's winter load line (which allows heavier loading and travel lower in the water), made it possible for large waves to cause a stress fracture in the hull. [116], The NTSB conducted computer studies,[117] testing and analysis to determine the forces necessary to collapse the hatch covers[118] and concluded that Edmund Fitzgerald sank suddenly from flooding of the cargo hold "due to the collapse of one or more of the hatch covers under the weight of giant boarding seas" instead of flooding gradually due to ineffective hatch closures. [21], Edmund Fitzgerald was a record-setting workhorse, often beating her own milestones. He concluded that the topside damage Edmund Fitzgerald experienced at 3:30p.m. on November 10, compounded by the heavy seas, was the most obvious explanation for why she sank. On the afternoon of November 9, 1975 the Fitzgerald departed Superior, Wisconsin en route to the steel mill on Zug Island, near Detroit, Michigan. Captain McSorley said he did not like the action of a ship he described as a "wiggling thing" that scared him. Edmund Fitzgerald previously reported being in significant difficulty to Arthur M. Anderson: "I have a bad list, lost both radars. Steel Great Lakes bulk freighter. The storm she was caught in reported winds from 35 to 52 knots, and waves anywhere from 10 to 35 feet high. The Edmund Fitzgerald set numerous records for carrying the most amount of . Within five minutes, the ship disappeared from radar, beginning its descent to the floor of Lake Superior. [59] At about 8:25p.m., Cooper again called the USCG to express his concern about Edmund Fitzgerald[60] and at 9:03p.m. reported her missing. [200], The Royal Canadian Mint commemorated Edmund Fitzgerald in 2015 with a colored silver collector coin, with a face value of $20.[201]. [106], At the time of the sinking, the ship Arthur M. Anderson reported northwest winds of 57mph (50kn; 92km/h), matching the simulation analysis result of 54mph (47kn; 87km/h). [84] Shannon determined that based on GPS coordinates from the 1994 Deepquest expedition, "at least one-third of the two acres of immediate wreckage containing the two major portions of the vessel is in U.S. waters because of an error in the position of the U.S.Canada boundary line shown on official lake charts. One of the most famous ships ever to sail on the Great Lakes, the S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald was built in 1957 and early 1958 by Great Lakes Engineering Works of Ecorse, Michigan. The hypothesis contended that the wave action continued to damage the hull, until the middle third dropped out like a box, leaving the ship held together by the center deck. [2] The report concluded that these devices failed to prevent waves from inundating the cargo hold. [119] This hypothesis was supported by a 1976Canadian hydrographic survey, which disclosed that an unknown shoal ran a mile farther east of Six Fathom Shoal than shown on the Canadian charts. Captain Paquette of Wilfred Sykes had been following and charting the low-pressure system over Oklahoma since November 8 and concluded that a major storm would track across eastern Lake Superior. This tragic accident points out the need for all persons involved in Great Lakes shipping to foster increased awareness of the hazards which exist. A freighter that had been in service for 17 years, the ship went down on the night of November 10, 1975, killing all 29 of the . The Edmund Fitzgerald's final voyage. Sinking: November 10, 1975 with no survivors. [109], The July 26, 1977, USCG Marine Casualty Report suggested that the accident was caused by ineffective hatch closures. [91] That same year, Terrence Tysall and Mike Zee set multiple records when they used trimix gas to scuba dive to Edmund Fitzgerald. Thompson further conjectured that damage more extensive than Captain McSorley could detect in the pilothouse let water flood the cargo hold. On 7th June 1958, it was launched. Some attribute the fame to Gordon Lightfoot popular song about the tragedy. . The journey ended about 17 miles north-northwest of . But it's nothing but a motorized barge! "[88] Shannon concluded that "massive and advancing structural failure" caused Edmund Fitzgerald to break apart on the surface and sink. The SS Edmund Fitzgerald was known by many nicknames Fitz, Big Fitz, Mighty Fitz, Toledo Express, Pride of the American Stride, Titanic of the Great Lakes, and Queen of the Lakes. [4] For 17 years, Edmund Fitzgerald carried taconite from Minnesota's Iron Range mines near Duluth, Minnesota, to iron works in Detroit, Toledo, and other ports. Theoretically, a one-inch puncture in the cargo hold will sink it.[151]. [9][14] Ramsay concluded that increasing the hull length to 729 feet (222m) resulted in an L/D slenderness ratio (the ratio of the length of the ship to the depth of her structure)[142] that caused excessive multi-axial bending and springing of the hull, and that the hull should have been structurally reinforced to cope with her increased length.[143]. Discovery of the shoal resulted in a change in recommended shipping routes. It took six minutes to reach the wreck, six minutes to survey it, and three hours to resurface to avoid decompression sickness, also known as "the bends. 5 was missing. For 17years, Edmund Fitzgerald carried taconite iron ore from mines near Duluth, Minnesota, to iron works in Detroit, Michigan; Toledo, Ohio; and other Great Lakes ports. [53], Captain Cooper of Arthur M. Anderson first called the USCG in Sault Ste. 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